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The Hollow Earth hypothesis proposes that the planet Earth either is entirely hollow or otherwise contains a substantial interior space. The scientific community has dismissed the notion since at least the late 18th century. The concept of a hollow Earth recurs many times in folklore and as the premise for subterranean fiction, a subgenre of adventure fiction. It is also featured in some present-day pseudoscientific and conspiracy theories. ==Hypotheses== In ancient times, the concept of a subterranean land inside the earth appeared in mythology, folklore and legends. The idea of subterranean realms seemed arguable, and became intertwined with the concept of "places" of origin or afterlife, such as the Greek underworld, the Nordic Svartálfaheimr, the Christian Hell, and the Jewish Sheol (with details describing inner Earth in Kabalistic literature, such as the Zohar and Hesed L'Avraham). The idea of a subterranean realm is also mentioned in Tibetan Buddhism belief.〔Hollow Earth in the Puranas (Online )〕〔The Way to Shambhala, Edwin Bernbaum, Anchor Books; 1st edition, 1980 ISBN 0-385-12794-4〕 According to one story, there is an ancient city called Shamballa which is located inside the earth.〔 According to the Ancient Greeks, there were caverns under the surface which were entrances leading to the underworld, some of which were the caverns at Tainaron in Lakonia, at Trozien in Argolis, at Ephya in Thesprotia, at Herakleia in Pontos, and in Ermioni.〔William Sherwood Fox, Greek and Roman Mythology; p. 143〕 In Thracian and Dacian legends, it is said that there are underground chambers occupied by an ancient God called Zalmoxis.〔Mircea Eliade, Zalmoxis, the vanishing God: comparative studies in the religions and folklore of Dacia and Eastern Europe, 1959, pp. 24–30〕 In the Mesopotamian religion there is a story of a man who, after traveling through the darkness of a tunnel in the mountain of "Mashu", entered a subterranean garden.〔Myth: its meaning and functions in ancient and other cultures, G. S. Kirk, 1970, p. 136〕 In Celtic mythology there is a legend of a cave called "Cruachan," also known as "Ireland's gate to Hell," a mythical and ancient cave from which according to legend strange creatures would emerge in ancient times and be seen on the surface of the earth.〔John A MacCulloch, Celtic Mythology, Rowman & Littlefield Pub Inc, 1932, pp. 125–126〕 There are also stories of medieval knights and saints who went on pilgrimages to a cave located in Station Island, County Donegal in Ireland, where they made journeys inside the earth into a place of purgatory.〔T. Write, Saint Patrick's Purgatory : A medieval Pilgrimage in Ireland, 1918, p. 107〕 There is an Irish myth which says tunnels in County Down, Northern Ireland lead to the land of the subterranean Tuatha Dé Danann, a group of people who are believed to have introduced Druidism to Ireland, and then went back underground.〔Harold Bayley, Archaic England: An Essay in Deciphering Prehistory from Megalithic Monuments, 1919 Online Edition: (Link )〕 An ancient legend of the Angami Naga tribes of India claim that their ancestors emerged in ancient times from a subterranean land inside the earth.〔Angami NagaBrown, Account of Munnipore, 1968., p. 113〕 There are legends from the Taíno people that their ancestors emerged in ancient times from two caves in a mountain underground.〔Ellen Russell Emerson, Indian Myths, 1965 "It is to the Cubans we are indebted for the following version of man's origin: It was from the depths of a deep cavern in the earth that mankind issued."〕 It is the belief of the natives of the Trobriand Islands that their ancestors had come from a subterranean land through a cavern hole called "Obukula".〔Philip Freund, Myths of Creation; 1965, pp. 131–132〕 There is an ancient legend held in Mexican folklore that a cave in a mountain five miles south of Ojinaga, Mexico is possessed by devilish creatures who came from inside the earth.〔George, Wally – Pilgrimage To The Devil., Article in Fate magazine, Aug. 1957, pp. 38–52〕 There was an ancient myth held in the middle ages that some mountains located between Eisenach and Gotha in Germany hold a portal to the inner earth. There is an old Russian legend that says the Samoyeds, an ancient Siberian tribe, traveled to an underground cavern city to live inside the earth.〔Clark B Firestone and Ruth Hambidge, The Coasts of Ilusion, Harper & Bros; First Edition, 1924〕 In Native American mythology, it is said that the ancestors of the Mandan people in ancient times emerged from a subterranean land through a cave at the north side of the Missouri River.〔Martha Warren Beckwith, Mandan-Hidatsa myths and ceremonies, G. E. Stechert, 1937, p. 10〕 There is also a tale about a tunnel in the San Carlos Apache Indian Reservation in Arizona near Cedar Creek which is said to lead inside the earth to a land inhabited by a mysterious tribe.〔Grenville Goodwin, Myths and Tales of the White Mountain Apache, 1939, p. 20 (Kessinger Publishing have reprinted the book in 2011)〕 It is also the belief of the tribes of the Iroquois that their ancient ancestors emerged from a subterranean world inside the earth.〔William Martin Beauchamp, Iroquois folk lore: gathered from the Six Nations of New York, I. J. Friedman, 1965, pp. 152–153〕 The elders of the Hopi people believe that a Sipapu entrance in the Grand Canyon exists which leads to the underworld.〔Pages from Hopi history, Harry Clebourne James, University of Arizona Press, 1974, Chapter 6〕〔Arizona and the West, Volume 17, University of Arizona Press., 1975, p. 179〕 According to South American mythology the belief of the Brazilian Indians, who live alongside the Parima River in Brazil, claim that their forefathers emerged in ancient times from an underground land, and that many of their ancestors still remained inside the earth. There are also legends that say the ancestors of the Inca Empire came from underground caves which are located east of Cuzco, Peru.〔Harold Osbourne, South American Mythology. New York: Peter Bedrick Books, 1986, p. 42 and p. 119〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Hollow Earth」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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